Tahsin — Qur'an Recitation in 7 Al-Itqon Stages

Stage 1 of 7

Makhroj Huruf

Articulation points: where each letter comes from, from the throat to the lips

The first stage introduces the 29 hijaaiyyah letters and the place each one is pronounced from (its makhroj). The lessons follow the makhroj in order, starting deep in the throat, moving up through the tongue and ending at the two lips.

The Hijaaiyyah Letters

pp. 3–6

There are 29 hijaaiyyah letters. Their order was arranged by Imam Nashr bin ‘Aashim Al-Laitsiy (d. 90 AH) by similarity of written shape, with dots then used to tell them apart. The first letter is Hamzah; calling it Alif is only a figure of speech, because a Hamzah at the start of a word is written on an Alif.

Note — Those who count 28 letters leave out Alif because it cannot carry a harokat (vowel mark); those who count 30 add Laam Alif, which is really Alif.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 3–6.

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Perfecting the Harokat (vowels)

pp. 7–9

Fathah is read by opening the mouth normally, sounding like “a”; on a heavy letter it is read with the mouth narrowed, sounding like “o”. Kasroh is read by lowering the lower jaw, sounding “i”. Dhommah is read by rounding and pushing the lips forward, sounding “u”.

Note — A harokat is read by moving the two speech organs apart; Sukuun is read by bringing them together.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 7–9.

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The Throat — Al-Halq

pp. 10–12

Hamzah (أ) and Haa’ (ه) come from the lowest part of the throat. ‘Ain (ع) and Haa’ (ح) from the middle of the throat. Ghoin (غ) and Khoo’ (خ) from the top of the throat.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 10–12.

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Back & middle of the tongue

pp. 12–15

Qoof (ق) comes from the back of the tongue meeting the soft palate. Kaaf (ك) from the back of the tongue meeting the soft and hard palate. Jiim (ج), Syiin (ش) and Yaa’ (ي) from the middle of the tongue meeting the palate. Dhood (ض) from the side of the tongue meeting the upper molars.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 12–15.

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Front of the tongue

pp. 15–21

Laam (ل) comes from the side to the tip of the tongue meeting the upper gum. Nuun (ن) from the tip of the tongue meeting the upper gum, together with the nasal cavity. Roo’ (ر) from the tip of the tongue meeting the upper gum. Thoo’, Daal and Taa’ from the tip of the tongue meeting the roots of the upper front teeth. Shood, Zaai and Siin from the tip of the tongue meeting the lower front teeth. Zhoo’, Dzaal and Tsaa’ from the tip of the tongue meeting the edges of the upper front teeth.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 15–21.

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The two lips — Asy-Syafataan

pp. 21–23

Faa’ (ف) comes from the inside of the lower lip meeting the edges of the upper front teeth. Waau (و) from the two lips, shaped as for Dhommah. Baa’ (ب) from the two lips. Miim (م) from the two lips and the nasal cavity.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 21–23.

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Summary of the Makhoorijul Huruf

p. 24

There are 17 articulation points (makhoorijul huruf) in 5 groups: Al-Jauf (the open space of throat and mouth), 1 makhroj, 3 letters; Al-Halq (throat), 3 makhroj, 6 letters; Al-Lisaan (tongue), 10 makhroj, 18 letters; Asy-Syafataan (two lips), 2 makhroj, 4 letters; Al-Khoisyuum (nasal cavity), 1 makhroj, 2 letters.

Note — The Al-Jauf letters are covered in Stage 3; Al-Khoisyuum is already covered under Nuun and Miim.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — p. 24.

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Forms of Hamzah & look-alike letters

pp. 25–27

Hamzah (ء), Hamzah on Waau (ؤ) and Hamzah on Yaa’ (ئ) are read the same as Hamzah on Alif. Taa’ Marbuuthoh (ة) is pronounced like Taa’. Every different letter must sound different, so pay close attention to letters that look or sound alike.

Practice board: read aloud

Summarised from the book Al-Itqon, “7 Tahapan Menguasai Bacaan Al-Qur'an” (7 Stages to Mastering Qur'an Recitation, Indonesian) by Ustadz Wawan Seftiawan, Lc. — pp. 25–27.

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Student's notesTeacher's notes · read only

Comprehension Check

0 of 4 answers correct

1. Where does Ghoin (غ) come from?

2. On a heavy letter, Fathah is read…

3. How many makhoorijul huruf (articulation points) are there?

4. The two letters that also come from the nasal cavity (Al-Khoisyuum) are…

Setoran: Reciting to Your Teacher

Four indicators for passing Stage 1. The teacher listens to the student recite, then marks them.

Only a teacher can mark a pass.

Makhroj Huruf

The Hijaaiyyah Letters

Perfecting the Harokat (vowels)

The Throat — Al-Halq

Back & middle of the tongue

Front of the tongue

The two lips — Asy-Syafataan

Summary of the Makhoorijul Huruf

Forms of Hamzah & look-alike letters

Comprehension Check

Setoran: Reciting to Your Teacher

Panduan tahsin untuk pemula